A life threatening anaphylactic reaction appears within minutes of exposure to specific antigens and
manifests in respiratory distress and vascular collapse.
Causes
• Drugs, e.g., Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Lignocaine& others.
• Certain foods.
• Insect bite.
Diagnostic features
• Marked fall in blood pressure.
• Difficulty in breathing.
• History of immediate exposure to the allergens.
• Occasionally, it may be accompanied by urticarial skin rashes.
Treatment
• Keep patient on left lateral position with head low.
• Inj. Adrenaline (1:1000): 0.5–1.0 ml of undiluted solution may be given intramuscularly or
subcutaneously.
• In severe cases only, dilute 1 ml of Adrenaline (1:1000) in 9 ml of normal saline and give 5 ml
of the diluted solution intravenously at 5 to 10 minute intervals.
• Inj. Hydrocortisone succinate 200 mg intravenously –stat
• Inj. Pheniraminemaleate 22.75 mg intravenously-stat
• Inj. isotonic IV fluid.
• Oxygen therapy
Advice to patient
• Person who has had an anaphylactic reaction to a substance must be warned that he or she
should avoid that particular substance.
Source : STANDARD TREATMENT PROTOCOL FOR HEALTH POSTS AND SUB HEALTH POSTS 2013,Nepal
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