It is a medical condition where body muscle contracts and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in
an uncontrolled shocking of body
Causes
Epilepsy.
High fever (in children).
Infection, e.g.,meningitis, encephalitis.
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Brain tumor.
Cerebral malaria.
Pre-eclampcia&Eclampcia.
Diagnostic features
When a person has convulsions, first there is straightening out of the limbs associated with the
extension of the head; which is followed by a rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the limbs.
The patient is unconscious for a short period after this episode in most of the convulsive
disorders.
First aid treatment
During convulsion, the patient may bite his tongue or may swallow something, producing respira-
tory obstruction. Therefore, it is important:
to place a mouthpiece/mouth-gag in the mouth of the patient during convulsions.
dotap water bath/ sponging if patient has fever.
Drug treatment
Inj. Diazepam (10 mg/2ml) one 2 ml amp, very slowly (1 ml at around 2 minutes) IV can be
given to control convulsion.
Tab.Paracetamol (500 mg), if convulsion is due to fever.
Give Paracetamol (500 mg) one tablet 4-6 hourly or as necessary.
For children give Paracetamol 20 mg/kg body weight as necessary.
Advice to patient
Avoid swimming in ponds or rivers.
Not to work near the fire.
Not to climb trees.
Not to drive vehicles.
Referral
The following cases should be referred to hospital:
Patient with high fever and neck stiffness.
Projectile vomiting associated with a headache.
Patient with features of epilepsy.
Pregnancy with pre–eclamptic feature.
Source : STANDARD TREATMENT PROTOCOL FOR HEALTH POSTS AND SUB HEALTH POSTS 2013,Nepal
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